NECO GCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2017

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NEXT EXAMINATION

GOVERNMENT

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Govt
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GOVERNMENT THEORY - ANSWER
7)
i ) Employment opportunity- Many qualified citizens of member countries have found employment with the Commonwealth of Nations after scaling through the required qualification process. This has put food on their tables
ii) Promotes education - Some member states have consistently offered scholarships to citizens of other members states to pursue courses in higher learning.
iii ) Promotion of Democracy - The Commonwealth of Nations has been consistent in sending election observer teams to member states to monitor their elections. This , among other things , is to ensure free and fair elections thereby promoting democracy in member
iv ) Military Assistance- The wealthy member states of the Commonwealth sometimes provide military hardware to the less developed member states to boost the equipment level of the armies of those countries . They also help in the training and re -training of officers and men from other member states .


===================================

5)
1) A military coup ( carried out by Maj .
Nzeogwu which led to the death of Tafawa
Belewa , etc )
2) A counter- coup ( led by Gowon , which led
to the brutal murder of Aguiyi Ironsi , Fajuyi,
etc )
3) The 1966 anti - Igbo pogrom in the north
( persecution of Igbo people living in Northern
Nigeria ) - this is the imminent cause of the
Nigerian civil war according to local and
foreign war historians .


===================================

6a )
The age -grade consisted of youngsters that belong to the same age -group . The senior age - group maintained peace and order in the village and also provided security to ward off external attacks , while the junior age -group concentrated on the sanitation of the community and other necessary duties
.
6b)
Igbos
- -The Title Holders
- -Village Assembly
- -Age - Grade Society
- -The Judiciary
Hausa
- -District Administration
- -Supreme Headquarters
- -Village Heads
- -Legislative Functions
- -Executive Functions
- -Judicial Functions



===================================

2)
i ) Community taxes- It is a poll tax paid by every male adult of tax paying age and varied from Local council to local council . Infant , it is a capitations tax ie it is paid by every ale adult whether the person is unemployed , self employed .
ii) Libenses and fees- derive substantial revenue from fees, such fees are in respect of the use of council property such as municipal hall for social activities , market premises and stalls motor parks slaughter houses , wheel barrow and liquor shops charges are also made in respect of marriage , bicycle and dog licensees birth and death registration .
iii ) Federal and state statutory allocation-This is a percentage of the local government get from national cake. The new statutory allocation are as follows Federal government 54. 68 percent state government 20. 60. Percent

===================================
4a )
Zero party system may be defined as a type of governmental political arrangement in which political parties are permitted to operate for the purpose of forming a government on political party basis .

4b)
i ) Politically stable government -
In a one -party , there is no change of government and one individual can lead the government for a long time before the button is transferred to another person.
ii) Ensures continuous economic development - In a one -party state , since the government stays in power for a very long time , it is able to draw economic programmes for the state and implement them without any interference .
iii ) Allows for speedy decision -making
One -party system allows for quick decision making . This is because there is no other body to consult and reach compromises with . As soon as the party takes the decision , that is the final and has to be implemented.
iv ) It is not divisive - In a one - party system , divisive tendencies are eliminated or brought to the barest minimum . This is most helpful in Africa where most time parties are formed on ethnic , tribal and religious lines .
v) Ensures national integration
Another advantage of a one - party system is that the entire nation is able to rally round the only party regardless of their ethnic , religious and cultural differences .

Govt
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GOVERNMENT THEORY - ANSWER
7)
i ) Employment opportunity- Many qualified citizens of member countries have found employment with the Commonwealth of Nations after scaling through the required qualification process. This has put food on their tables
ii) Promotes education - Some member states have consistently offered scholarships to citizens of other members states to pursue courses in higher learning.
iii ) Promotion of Democracy - The Commonwealth of Nations has been consistent in sending election observer teams to member states to monitor their elections. This , among other things , is to ensure free and fair elections thereby promoting democracy in member
iv ) Military Assistance- The wealthy member states of the Commonwealth sometimes provide military hardware to the less developed member states to boost the equipment level of the armies of those countries . They also help in the training and re -training of officers and men from other member states .


===================================

5)
1) A military coup ( carried out by Maj .
Nzeogwu which led to the death of Tafawa
Belewa , etc )
2) A counter- coup ( led by Gowon , which led
to the brutal murder of Aguiyi Ironsi , Fajuyi,
etc )
3) The 1966 anti - Igbo pogrom in the north
( persecution of Igbo people living in Northern
Nigeria ) - this is the imminent cause of the
Nigerian civil war according to local and
foreign war historians .


===================================

6a )
The age -grade consisted of youngsters that belong to the same age -group . The senior age - group maintained peace and order in the village and also provided security to ward off external attacks , while the junior age -group concentrated on the sanitation of the community and other necessary duties
.
6b)
Igbos
- -The Title Holders
- -Village Assembly
- -Age - Grade Society
- -The Judiciary
Hausa
- -District Administration
- -Supreme Headquarters
- -Village Heads
- -Legislative Functions
- -Executive Functions
- -Judicial Functions



===================================

2)
i ) Community taxes- It is a poll tax paid by every male adult of tax paying age and varied from Local council to local council . Infant , it is a capitations tax ie it is paid by every ale adult whether the person is unemployed , self employed .
ii) Libenses and fees- derive substantial revenue from fees, such fees are in respect of the use of council property such as municipal hall for social activities , market premises and stalls motor parks slaughter houses , wheel barrow and liquor shops charges are also made in respect of marriage , bicycle and dog licensees birth and death registration .
iii ) Federal and state statutory allocation-This is a percentage of the local government get from national cake. The new statutory allocation are as follows Federal government 54. 68 percent state government 20. 60. Percent

===================================
4a )
Zero party system may be defined as a type of governmental political arrangement in which political parties are permitted to operate for the purpose of forming a government on political party basis .

4b)
i ) Politically stable government -
In a one -party , there is no change of government and one individual can lead the government for a long time before the button is transferred to another person.
ii) Ensures continuous economic development - In a one -party state , since the government stays in power for a very long time , it is able to draw economic programmes for the state and implement them without any interference .
iii ) Allows for speedy decision -making
One -party system allows for quick decision making . This is because there is no other body to consult and reach compromises with . As soon as the party takes the decision , that is the final and has to be implemented.
iv ) It is not divisive - In a one - party system , divisive tendencies are eliminated or brought to the barest minimum . This is most helpful in Africa where most time parties are formed on ethnic , tribal and religious lines .
v) Ensures national integration
Another advantage of a one - party system is that the entire nation is able to rally round the only party regardless of their ethnic , religious and cultural differences .

NEXT EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY PAPER III & I (objectives and practical)

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GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS LOADING.....

Geography - Obj

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GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS


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2a )
Line of latitude a notional circle of constant latitude on the earth 's surface parallel to the equator .

2b)
degrees of latitude into minutes and seconds . Each degree contains 60 minutes , while each minute contains 60 seconds . Simply divide by 60 the distance a degree covers to find the distance a minute covers , and divide by 60 again to find the distance a second covers

2c )
tabulate
i )
- Parallels are also known as latitudes
- Meridians are also known as longitudes
ii)
- The first parallel is the equator . It is latitude 0.
- Greenwich is the prime meridian ( 0 °)
iii )
- Parallels don ’ t intersect .
- All meridians intersect at two places ; the North Pole and the South Pole .
iv )
- Values range from 0 ( the Equator) to 90 ( the north and south poles )
- Values for longitude range from 0 ( the Prime Meridian ) to 180 degrees
v)
- Letters N and S are used to denote the location
- Letters E or W are used to represent direction

================================

3a )
DEPOSITIONAL PLAIN​ :
it is formed by the deposition of materials brought by various agents of transportation such as rivers , wind , waves , and glaciers .

EROSIONAL PLAIN​ :
Erosional plains that have been leveled by various agents of denudation such as running water , rivers , wind and glacier which wear out the rugged surface and smoothens them .

3b)
i ) Plains facilitate humans to fulfil their needs of food and shelter .
ii) The smooth surface of plains makes transportation of goods easy for humans .
iii ) Most of the plains in world have been changed to biggest trade centers of world due to their richness of minerals and raw agricultural materials .
iv ) plains are called the source of human ’ s needs , civilization and culture . And world ’ s 80% population live on plains .

3c )
i ) It is easily exposed to disasters
ii) The chances of flood are higher in plains than on mountains
iii ) More diseases are found a plain areas than other areas
iv ) Plains are a disadvantage as Plants like coffee can 't grow They have only one kind of soil They are prone to natural disasters

================================

7a )
i ) river overflow
ii) ice and snow melts
iii ) strong winds in coastal lands
iv ) dam breaking

7b)
i ) loss of human life
ii) destruction of crops
iii ) loss of livestock
iv ) deterioration of health conditions

7c )
i ) planting vegetation to retain extra water
ii) construction of floodways
iii ) terracing hillsides to slow flow downhole
================================

5a )
A landslide is the movement of rock, earth , or debris down a sloped section of land .

5b)
i ) Abrasion or corrasion - This is when large pieces of bedload material wear away the river banks and bed .
ii) Attrition - This is when the bed load itself is eroded when sediment particles knock against the bed or each other and break, becoming more rounded and smaller .
iii ) Hydraulic Action - This is when the force of water erodes softer rock.
iv ) Solution or corrosion - This is when acidic water erodes rock.

5c )
i ) Slope
- gravity provides the energy to move the materials .
- rapid movements ( e .g. landslide , slumping ) are commonly found on steep slopes while slow movements ( e .g . soil creep) are found on gentle slopes .
ii) Water
- rainwater acts as a lubricant to weathered materials .
- rainwater adds weight to weathered materials .
iii ) Rock structure
- joints dipping downslope usually assists landslides , rockfalls , rockslide, rock creep. .. . . etc
iv ) Vegetation
- lack of vegetation cover to hold the loose particles .
================================

F/ACCOUNTING OBJ

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING THEORY ANSWERS


4a )
i ) the companies involved do not necessarily renounce their identity as natural or legal persons , but maintain their independence.
ii) the companies involved carry out a business , activity or project together , but without the need to change their identities as companies, as would happen , for example in a merger or take over.
iii ) The most common cases of joint venture are between companies of different nationalities where one of them seeks to enter the market where the other is located , and where to achieve this it is necessary to overcome big trade barriers , make a big investment and Access to the know -how of the market .

4b)
i ) A joint venture involves two or more companies joining together in business , whereas in a partnership , it is individuals who join together for a combined venture .
ii) A joint venture can be described as a contractual arrangement between two companies that aims to undertake a specific task . Whereas , a partnership involves an agreement between two parties wherein they agree to share the profits as well as any loss incurred .
iii ) A partnership will last for many years until the parties involved have no differences. While a joint venture company will last for only a limited period until their goal is achieved .
iv ) The members in a partnership can claim a capital cost allowance as per the partnership rules . Whereas , joint ventures can use as much or as little of the capital cost allowance .
================================
2ai )
Real Account : The accounts relating to all assets and properties are called real accounts .

2aii )
Personal Account : The accounts relating to induviduals , firms , associations or companies are known as personal account.

2aiii )
Nominal Account : The accounts relating to expenses , losses, incomes and gains are known as nominal accounts .

2b)
i ) Managers
ii) Employees
iii ) Competitors
iv ) Government
v) Creditors
vi ) Tax authorities
vii) Financial Analyst
================================

1ai )
Uncredited cheques : Cheques received by business , paid into bank and debited in cash book but not yet cleared by bank and entered in its record .

1aii )
Unpresented cheques : Cheques drawn or paid by business and credited in cash book but these cheques have not yet been presented to bank for payment .

1aiii )
Dishonored Cheque is a cheque which is presented for payment and the drawer has insufficient fund in his or her account to cover the cheque which will then be returned to the payee marked “ refer to drawer”

1iv )
The term bank charge covers all charges and fees made by a bank to their customers . In common parlance , the term often relates to charges in respect of personal current accounts or checking account.

1b)
i ) The name of the firm .
ii) The names and addresses of the partners .
iii ) The nature of the business .
iv ) The term or duration of partnership .
v) The amount of capital to be contributed by each partner .

GEOGRAPHY


1a )
-Temperature or weather
- Availability of natural resources
- migration
- industries

1b)-increase in Diseases
- increase in Crime Rate
- increase in Death Rate
- increase in Migration.

1c) -Decrease of birth rate/Family planning
- increase in migration rate
- decrease in immigration

GEOGRAPHY


1a )
-Temperature or weather
- Availability of natural resources
- migration
- industries

1b)-increase in Diseases
- increase in Crime Rate
- increase in Death Rate
- increase in Migration.

1c) -Decrease of birth rate/Family planning
- increase in migration rate
- decrease in immigration

NEXT EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

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BIOLOGY ANSWERS



( 1ai )
Sexual reproduction : This is a type of reproduction which involves the fussion of male gametes ( eg sperm cell ) and the female gametes ( eg egg cell) to form zygote which later develops to a young offspring

( 1aii )
- Abstinence
- Birth Control Sponge ( Today Sponge )
- Birth Control Vaginal Ring ( NuvaRing )
- Birth Control Shot ( Depo -Provera )
- Birth Control Implant ( Implanon and Nexplanon )

( 1aiii )
- Mutualism represents a symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit from the relationship while commensalism represents a symbiotic relationship where only one organism benefits while the other does not benefit from the relationship
- Good examples for mutualism include the relationship between bees and flowers as well as humans and digestive bacteria while Examples for commensalism include hermit crabs using dead gastropods for shelter or millipedes travelling on birds

( 1b)
( i ) Hooks and suckers allow it to hold on tightly to the wall of the intestine
( ii) Its flat body gives it a large surface area to absorb food
( iii ) It has no need of a mouth or gut as it absorbs already digested food

( 1ci )


( 1cii )
- Evidences from Palaeontology
================================

(2ai)
(i) Acidification: This is a method of adding acid to a loe acid food. Acid can be used in food to slow down or prevent the growth of disease or spoilage causing organisms
(ii) Drying of Food: Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated). Drying inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and mold through the removal of water.
(iii) Home Canning: Home canning is a way to preserve fresh foods in glass jars and then heating the jars to kill the organisms that would create spoilage
(iv) Freezing Food: This is a method of preserving food by lowering the temperature to inhibit microorganism growth.

(2aii)
(i) Vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. Species of mosquito, for example, serve as vectors for the deadly disease Malaria
(ii) Refuse can be defined as All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site
(iii) Sewage is a type of wastewater that is produced from a community of people. It is characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition, chemical and toxic constituents, and its bacteriologic status

(2b)
(i) Mineral salts from soil
(ii) Products of photosynthesis from leaves

(2c)
DRAW THE DIAGRAM

================================
3ai
Grass-->grasshopper -->lizard -->hawk

ii) Epigeal germination: Here during seed germination, the cotyledons are brought above the ground due to the elongation of hypocotyl. This type of germination is seen in many dicotlyledons like sunflower, castor, bean etc.

Hypogeal germination : Here during seed germination, the cotyledons remain in the soil due to the elongation of epicotyl. This type of germination is seen in many dicotyledons like gram, pea etc. and monocotyledons like maize, wheat e. t. c


3bi. Functions of the liver
1 Deamination
2 Detoxification
3 removal of wore out tissues
4 helps in the storage of vitamins
5 helps to convert excess glucose in the blood into glycogen


3c
Plants cell
It has chloroplast
It has cell wall

Animal cell
Has no chloroplast
Has no cell wall

================================

5ai )
Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the toad and its environment . Oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is given off. Every cell of the body consumes oxygen . With the help of oxygen , the assimilated food which is stored within the cells is slowly oxidised .
The result is the liberation of heat energy , and formation of carbon dioxide and water. Thus when glucose is oxidised , one molecule of glucose combines with six molecules of oxygen to form six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water

5aii )
( 1) consideration of the oxygen isotopic records of low latitude temperature variations;
( 2) discussion of the physical arguments for temperature stability within the tropics;
( 3) examination of climate model -derived tropical temperatures ;
( 4) examination of model evidence for tropical salinity differences between different time periods in Earth history

5bi )
i ) Natality ( birth rate ) : This refers to the rate of given birth to new organisms . This generally ( be it plants or animals ) leads to increase in population .
ii) Mortality ( death rate ) : This refers to the rates at which organisms die in a habitat . Mortality generally leads to a decrease in population .
iii ) Immigration ( dispersal ) : This is the movement of organisms from different habitats into a new habitat . This tends to increase the population of this new area .
Iv ) Emigration: This is the movement of organisms out of a habitat due to either scarcity of food or unfavourable conditions or for breeding purposes . This , however , reduces the population of a habitat .
V ) Availability of food : The availability of food in a given habitat tends to increase the population of that habitat through rapid rate of reproduction and other organisms coming into feed

5bii)
i ) homozygousis when a cell has two identical copies of a gene. An example ofhomozygousis a cell
ii) heterozygote -is an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes , and so giving rise to varying offspring
iii ) parasite - an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species ( its host ) and benefits by deriving
================================

BIOLOGY ANSWERS


1a )
sexual reproduction is define as the fusion or joining often male and female or nuclei from different individuals to form a zygote which later develops into an embryo or organism .

1aii )
I . Abstaining from sex
II . Use of condom
III . Sterilization

1aiii )
Mutualism : this is the association where by organisms benefits mutually win which one of them is so dependent upon the other for some critical resources of functions that it cannot survive in given environment without the other
WHILE Commensalism is the relationship in which one of the partner called commensail benefits while the other called host is neither benefited nor harm

Biology - Obj
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Thursday 23rd Nov. 2017
Agricultural Science Paper III & II (Objective &
Essay)
2.00 pm – 4.30 pm


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AGRIC THEORY ANSWER'S




1a )
i ) The Act controls the manner in which land is used .
ii) Land acquire by government would be made easier for urban expansion
iii ) The legal status of the Nigerian land user becomes that of statutory occupancy
iv ) The Act empowers the Governor to revoke rights of occupancy for reasons of overriding public interest

1b)
i ) Amendment of the land use decree : This will
decrease land fragmentation . And enable farmers acquire enough land
to support mechanized and commercial
agriculture .
ii) Farmers education : The government should employ more agriculture
extension workers to educate farmers on
the use of modern equipment .
iii ) Training of maintenance technicians : Technicians should also be trained to
maintain these sophisticated farm
machines when and where ever they are
available.
iv ) Encourage the local manufacture of farming machines : Local manufacturers should also be encouraged to start
manufacturing these farming equipment .
v) Improved access to credit : So , credit should be made accessible to
farmers who wish to procure modern
farming machines .

1c )
- Reducing compaction from heavy machinery
- helping to create better soil structure
- preventing soil structure damage created by working wet field

1d)
i ) clean planter with a pressure water or high pressure air especially important to wash off all starter fertilizer to prevent erossion
ii) save all new planter for warranty use referral
iii ) store in a cool dry place
iv ) remove seed plate door

==================================
3a )
Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment
and surrounding ecosystems, and / or
cause injury to humans and their
economic interests .

3aii )
i ) Pesticide leaching.
ii) Leaching, runoff , and eutrophication .

3b)
i ) Population increase
ii) Land tenure system
iii ) Topography
iv ) Cultural practices

3c )
i ) Irrigation and Rainfall
ii) Livestock
iii ) Temperature Increases
iv ) Carbon Dioxide Increase

3d)
i ) biotic and abiotic factors interact in the same fashion .
ii) The sole purpose is to promote and
continue life .
iii ) The continuation of any given biosphere is the interworking of bacteria , sunlight .
iv ) the CO 2, the soil , the fauna, the rain and all else that compromises the given environment .


======================================

5a )
taungya is a system whereby villagers and sometimes forest plantation workers are given the right
to cultivate agricultural crops during
the early stages of forest plantation
establishment

5b)
i ) They help us breathe .
ii) They keep Earth cool .
iii ) They fight flooding .
iv ) They keep us cool .

5c )
i ) They cause reduction in the viability of stored produce
ii) Site of injuries by insects may predispose crops to disease attack
iii ) They increase the cost of production during the course of controlling them
iv ) They render vegetables and fruits unattractive and unmarketable
================================

8a )
i ) Dairy cattle ie White fulani , Jersey ,Ayrshere ,red poll etc
ii) Beef cattle ie Sokoto gudali ,Red bororo ,Rahaji ,Ndama etc
iii ) All purposes ie Muturu ,Shuwa, Azawal ,Biu etc

8bi )
- A good reason to cull a bird is if it is very aggressive and severely wounding other animals .
- culling helps to reduce feed costs of poor producers
8bii)
- To reduce the risk of injury and bruising to herd mates
- To prevent financial losses from trimming damaged carcasses caused by horned feedlot cattle during transport to slaughter

8c )
Causative organism : Bacteria ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis )
Mode of transmission : Breathing of air contaminated germs ,Feed and water contaminated with droppings and litters
Symptom : Loss of weight
Control measure : Vaccination

8di )
Scoop net

8dii)
- Sun drying
- Smoking

8e )
- Put on protective clothing to avoid getting stung
- Avoid excessive smoking of the hive
- Never frighten the bees as this makes them wild to sting
- Never crush bees as this makes the whole colony excited
===================================

9ai )
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education .

9aii )
i ) Originality in thought , word and action
ii) He must be a good listener
iii ) Must be patient with the people
iv ) Must be honest and transparent

9b)
i ) mobilization of saving
ii) provision of investment avenue
iii ) proper regulation of funds to agricultural
iv ) speed up the agricultural growth and development
v) capital formation

9c )
i ) Agricultural advancement is necessary for improving the supply of raw materials for the agro- based industries especially in our developing country .
ii) The progress in agricultural sector
provides surplus for increasing the
exports of agricultural products.
iii ) agricultural goods and industrial production and a consequent increase in the general price
level .
iv ) agriculture sector is the backbone of
an economy which provides the basic
ingredients to mankind
v) agricultural output and productivity tend to contribute substantially to an overall economic development of the country

NEXT PAPER


Saturday 25th Nov. 2017
English Language Paper II (Essay)
1.00 pm – 2.45 pm

English Language Paper III (Objective)
2.45 pm – 3.45 pm

English Language Paper IV (Test of Orals)
4.00 pm – 4.45 pm


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English Language questions and Answers now available


Answer ( 1 ) Only In This SECTION A
==================================

1) Write a letter to the president of your country drawing his attention to the high rate of unemployment in the country and suggesting ways of creating job opportunites

2) write an article suitable for publication in a national daily on the need to promote local industries in your country

3) Write a story that illustrates the saying: You cannot judge a book by its cover

4) You are a chief speaker in a debate on the topic : Religious leader have a greater role to play in averting religious crises than the government . Write your argument for or against the montion
==================================

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ANSWERS LOADING.........

ENGLISH THEORY ANSWERS


3)
A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for an urgent surgery .
He answered the call asap , changed his clothes & went directly to the surgery block.
He found the boy’ s father pacing in the hall waiting for the doctor.
On seeing him , the dad yelled :
“ Why did you take all this time to come?
Don ’ t you know that my son ’ s life is in danger ? Don ’ t you have any sense of responsibility ?”
The doctor smiled & said : “ I am sorry , I wasn ’ t in the hospital & I came as fast as I could after receiving the call…… And now , I wish you ’ d calm down so that I can do my work ”
“ Calm down ?! What if your son was in this room right now , would you calm down ?
If your own son dies now what will you do ??” said the father angrily
The doctor smiled again & replied :
“ I will say what JOB said in the Holy Book ,
‘From dust we came & to dust we return , blessed be the name of God ” .
Doctors cannot prolong lives. Go & intercede for your son, we will do our
best by God’ s grace”
“ Giving advises when we ’ re not concerned is so easy ” Murmured
the father .
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happy ,
“ Thank goodness ! Your son is saved !”
And without waiting for the father ’ s reply he carried on his way running .
“ If you have any question, ask the nurse !!”
“ Why is he so arrogant ? He couldn’ t wait some minutes so that I ask about my son’ s state ” Commented the father .
When seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered, tears coming down her face:
“ His son died yesterday in a road accident , he was in the burial when we called him for your son ’ s surgery .
And now that he saved your son ’ s life , he left running to finish his son’ s burial . ”
=================================

5a )
cohabitation means living together of unmarried people

5b)
i ) when a woman has a child
ii) when a woman is abandoned by her husband .

5c )
the irony is blessing in disguise .

5d)
i ) it induces divorce .
ii) It breeds unhealthy competition between husband and wife

5e )
divorce is high because there is no law that forbids patriarchy thus if

5f )
i ) noun phrase ,
ii) subject of the verb " are "

5g)
i ) metaphor ,
ii) it means when they begin to fall apart

5h )
i ) Uncommon - rare , unusual, exceptional
ii) deserted - abandoned
iii ) Emasculates - weakens
iv ) Submissive - obedient
v) Promotes - encourages , urges
vi ) Incentives - rewards
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6ai )
growing in a violent environment

6aii )
persona disorder Roles of patriarchy

6bi )
subordination and oppression of women

6bii)
poor contribution to economic status of women .

6ci )
it can cause death of the victim .

6cii )
it causes psychological problems
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COMMERCE ANSWER'S LOADING......

Commerce Obj
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COMMERCE THEORY ANSWERS



3)
i ) LACK OF INSUFFICIENT CAPITAL - Many West African countries lacks sufficient capitals to cope with the expanding growth of business and the level of capital invested in the business is usually low .
ii) UNDEVELOPED MARKETS - Markets in West Africa are not well developed to
accommodate large scale commercial
activities .
iii ) ILLITERACY - The high rate rate of illiteracy in West Africa usually affects
the growth of commerce in the region .
Many people cannot read or write and
cannot interacts with foreign traders in
business .
iv ) POOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM - Major roads in some part of Africa and other
West Africa are bad which discourages
transportation of goods and services
v) LOW PER CAPITAL INCOME - Majority of people living in Africa and some part
of West Africa lives below poverty line
and may discourage people from
buying and selling.
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2a )
Trade is the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for money

2b)
i ) land
ii) labour
iii ) capital
iv ) entrepreneur

2c )
Advantages:
i ) higher productivity
ii) greater cooperation
iii ) better goodwill
iv ) lower cost
v) invention
vi ) simplified training
- Disadvantages -
i ) monotony
ii) lack of responsibility
iii ) lack of job pride
iv ) too much interdependence
v) limited market
vi ) low productivity

================================

5a )
i ) Transportation helps much to the development of different industries , which produce perishable goods , such as fisheries , poultry firms , horticulture , dairy etc
ii) Transportation helps in mass production . Whether
iii ) Transportation helps in mass production
iv ) Without development of transportation neither mass production nor distribution is possible
v) Transportation has contributed much to the development of economic , social , political and cultural fields and uplifting their condition .

5b)
i ) Accessibility – This primarily deals
with the ease of getting .boarding
a vehicle . If a mode is not easily
accessible then it loses its
usefulness because of its
unavailability in a certain condition.
ii) Cost / fare of ticket or cost of
service – Considering large number
of trips taking place for different
purposes and a modern capitalist
economy , cost becomes one of the
single most important determining factor . It can also be linked to
affordability of the user.
iii ) Fuel efficiency / carbon emission –
With the growing environmental
concerns many people and
companies prefer to chose a option
with smaller carbon footprint .
iv ) Speed – This factor is another most
important and deterministic factor
depending upon the situation.
Fastest mode may seem to be best
option but cost associated with it
makes it less lucrative , a cheap mode might result in delay and the
purpose of whole trip may be
defeated .
v) Capacity/ Carrying Capacity – This
is another important factor
especially for logistic companies , it
becomes important in case of
travelling in a group .
================================

7i ) Separate Legal Existence - any group of people can operate a business together in an unincorporated partnership , they remain a collection of individuals who own property and incur debt. In other words it can buy and sell property , hire employees , institute lawsuits and retain attorneys to defend claims against it.

7ii) Limited Liability - This feature allows
members the freedom to hire
employees and conduct high -
liability business that would otherwise put the members ' personal assets at risk in a lawsuit.

7iii ) Insolvency Clawbacks - provisions relating exclusively to LLPs allow for a clawback of any “ withdrawals ” ( including drawings , loan repayments and property distributions ) by a Member during the two years prior to an LLP becoming insolvent .

7iv ) Negligence - if a Member is negligent and a third party suffers loss as a result then the third party could try to take action against that individual Member as well as the LLC

7v) Personal Guarantees – anyone lending money to an LLP may still require personal guarantees from the Members , as they frequently do with directors/ shareholders of a company .
================================


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9a )
A contract is an agreement with specific terms between two or more persons or entities in which there is a promise to do something in return for a valuable benefit known as consideration .

9b)
i ) Express Contracts - In an express contract , the parties state the terms, either orally or in writing , at the time of its formation. There is a definite written or oral offer that is accepted by the offeree ( i . e . , the person to whom the offer is made ) in a manner that explicitly demonstrates consent to its terms.
ii) Implied Contracts - Although contracts that are implied in fact and contracts implied in law are both called implied contracts , a true implied contract consists of obligations arising from a mutual agreement and intent to promise , which have not been expressed in words .
iii ) Executed and Executory Contracts - An executed contract is one in which nothing remains to be done by either party . The phrase is , to a certain extent , a misnomer because the completion of performances by the parties signifies that a contract no longer exists .
iv ) Bilateral and Unilateral Contracts - The exchange of mutual, reciprocal promises between entities that entails the performance of an act , or forbearance from the performance of an act , with respect to each party , is a Bilateral Contract
================================

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